[{"id":1810,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某公园计划修建一个等腰三角形花坛，设计要求其底边长为6米，两腰相等且每腰长为5米。施工前需要计算该花坛的高，以便准备支撑材料。请问这个等腰三角形花坛的高是多少米？","answer":"B","explanation":"此题考查勾股定理在等腰三角形中的应用。等腰三角形底边上的高将底边平分为两段，每段长度为3米。由此可构造一个直角三角形，其中一条直角边为3米（底边的一半），斜边为5米（腰长），所求高为另一条直角边。根据勾股定理：高² = 5² - 3² = 25 - 9 = 16，因此高 = √16 = 4米。故正确答案为B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:18:43","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:18:43","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"3米","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"4米","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"5米","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"6米","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2248,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究温度变化时，记录了一周内每天中午12点的气温（单位：摄氏度），其中正数表示高于0℃，负数表示低于0℃。已知这七天的气温分别为：+3，-2，+5，-4，+1，-3，+2。该学生发现，若将其中某一天的气温值取相反数后，整周气温的总和恰好变为0。请问：是哪一天的气温被取了相反数？并说明理由。","answer":"被取相反数的是第四天的气温，即-4℃。理由如下：原始七天气温总和为+2℃，要使总和变为0，需减少2℃。将-4变为+4，相当于总和增加8℃，但实际只需调整使总和减少2℃。重新计算发现，只有将+2变为-2（即第七天的气温取相反数），总和才会减少4℃，不符合。进一步分析发现，原始总和为+2，若将+2变为-2，总和变为-2；若将-2变为+2，总和变为+6；若将+3变为-3，总和变为-4；若将-3变为+3，总和变为+8；若将+5变为-5，总和变为-8；若将-4变为+4，总和变为+10；若将+1变为-1，总和变为0。因此，只有将第一天的+3变为-3，或第七天的+2变为-2，或第五天的+1变为-1，才可能影响总和。但经逐一验证，只有将第五天的+1变为-1时，总和从+2变为0。故正确答案是第五天的气温+1被取了相反数。","explanation":"本题综合考查正负数的加减运算、相反数的概念以及代数方程的建立与求解能力。题目通过真实情境（气温记录）引入，要求学生在理解总和变化机制的基础上，建立数学模型（变化量 = -2 × 原值），并解出符合条件的具体数值。解题关键在于理解‘取相反数’对总和的影响是两倍于原数的变化量，从而将问题转化为解简单的一元一次方程。此题难度较高，因其需要学生从现象中抽象出数学关系，并进行逻辑推理和验证，符合七年级学生对正负数应用的深化要求。","solution_steps":"1. 计算原始七天气温的总和：+3 + (-2) + (+5) + (-4) + (+1) + (-3) + (+2) = (3 - 2 + 5 - 4 + 1 - 3 + 2) = 2。\n2. 设第i天的气温为a_i，若将其取相反数，则总和变化量为：-2 × a_i（因为原来加a_i，现在加-a_i，差值为-2a_i）。\n3. 要使新总和为0，需满足：原总和 + 变化量 = 0，即 2 + (-2 × a_i) = 0。\n4. 解方程：2 - 2a_i = 0 → 2a_i = 2 → a_i = 1。\n5. 在原始数据中，只有第五天的气温为+1，因此是将第五天的气温+1取相反数变为-1。\n6. 验证：新气温序列为+3，-2，+5，-4，-1，-3，+2，总和为3 - 2 + 5 - 4 - 1 - 3 + 2 = 0，符合条件。","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 14:44:04","updated_at":"2026-01-09 14:44:04","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":695,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，参赛学生需要统计一周内班级回收的废纸重量（单位：千克）。已知周一到周五每天的回收量分别为 2.5、3、2.8、3.2 和 2.7，周六和周日没有回收。若该班级计划将这一周平均每天的回收量作为下周目标，则下周每天的目标回收量是___千克。","answer":"2.84","explanation":"首先计算一周内总回收量：2.5 + 3 + 2.8 + 3.2 + 2.7 = 14.2 千克。虽然周六和周日没有回收，但‘平均每天’是指一周7天，因此用总回收量除以7天：14.2 ÷ 7 = 2.84 千克。此题考查数据的收集与整理中的平均数计算，属于简单难度，符合七年级‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:38:42","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1282,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学实践活动，调查校园内不同区域的植物种类分布情况。调查结果显示，校园被划分为A、B、C三个区域，每个区域的植物种类数量满足以下条件：A区域的植物种类比B区域多2种；C区域的植物种类是A区域与B区域种类数之和的一半；三个区域植物种类总数为18种。若将A区域的植物种类数设为x，B区域为y，C区域为z，请建立方程组并求解各区域的植物种类数。此外，若学校计划在植物种类最少的区域增加种植，使得该区域种类数增加后，三个区域植物种类数的平均数变为7种，求该区域需要增加多少种植物？","answer":"设A区域的植物种类数为x，B区域为y，C区域为z。\n\n根据题意，列出以下三个方程：\n\n1. A区域比B区域多2种：x = y + 2\n2. C区域是A与B之和的一半：z = (x + y) \/ 2\n3. 三个区域总数为18种：x + y + z = 18\n\n将第1个方程代入第2个方程：\nz = ((y + 2) + y) \/ 2 = (2y + 2) \/ 2 = y + 1\n\n再将x = y + 2 和 z = y + 1 代入第3个方程：\n(y + 2) + y + (y + 1) = 18\n3y + 3 = 18\n3y = 15\ny = 5\n\n代入得：x = 5 + 2 = 7，z = 5 + 1 = 6\n\n所以，A区域有7种，B区域有5种，C区域有6种。\n\n植物种类最少的是B区域（5种）。\n\n设B区域增加k种植物后，三个区域总数为：7 + (5 + k) + 6 = 18 + k\n\n此时平均数为7，即：(18 + k) \/ 3 = 7\n18 + k = 21\nk = 3\n\n答：A区域有7种植物，B区域有5种，C区域有6种；B区域需要增加3种植物，才能使平均数变为7种。","explanation":"本题综合考查二元一次方程组和一元一次方程的应用，结合数据的收集与整理背景，贴近实际生活。首先根据文字描述建立三元一次方程组，通过代入法逐步消元，转化为一元一次方程求解。解题关键在于准确理解‘C区域是A与B之和的一半’这一条件，并将其转化为代数表达式。求得各区域种类数后，进一步分析最小值，并利用平均数的概念建立新方程求解增加量。整个过程涉及方程建模、代数运算和逻辑推理，符合七年级学生对二元一次方程组和数据分析的学习要求，难度较高。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:40:35","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:40:35","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":301,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某班级收集废旧纸张的重量记录如下：第一周收集了12.5千克，第二周比第一周多收集了3.7千克，第三周比第二周少收集了1.8千克。请问这三周平均每周收集多少千克废旧纸张？","answer":"B","explanation":"首先计算第二周收集的纸张重量：12.5 + 3.7 = 16.2（千克）。然后计算第三周的重量：16.2 - 1.8 = 14.4（千克）。三周总重量为：12.5 + 16.2 + 14.4 = 43.1（千克）。平均每周收集量为：43.1 ÷ 3 = 14.1（千克）。因此正确答案是B。本题考查有理数的加减乘除混合运算及平均数的计算，属于数据的收集、整理与描述知识点，符合七年级数学课程要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:34:09","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"13.2千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"14.1千克","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"12.9千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"15.0千克","is_correct":0}]},{"id":295,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生调查了班级同学最喜欢的运动项目，收集数据后绘制成条形统计图。图中显示喜欢篮球的有12人，喜欢足球的有8人，喜欢乒乓球的有6人，喜欢跳绳的有4人。请问喜欢球类运动（包括篮球、足球和乒乓球）的学生共有多少人？","answer":"C","explanation":"题目要求计算喜欢球类运动的学生总人数，球类运动包括篮球、足球和乒乓球。根据题意，喜欢篮球的有12人，喜欢足球的有8人，喜欢乒乓球的有6人。将这些人数相加：12 + 8 + 6 = 26（人）。因此，喜欢球类运动的学生共有26人，正确答案是C。本题考查数据的收集与整理，重点在于理解分类并正确进行加法运算，符合七年级‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:33:09","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"20人","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"24人","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"26人","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"30人","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1779,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生记录了一周内每天完成数学作业所用的时间（单位：分钟）：35、40、30、45、35、50、35。这组数据的中位数是___。","answer":"35","explanation":"将数据从小到大排列：30、35、35、35、40、45、50。共7个数，中位数是第4个数，即35。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 15:37:18","updated_at":"2026-01-06 15:37:18","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2540,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在学习投影与视图时，观察一个由两个相同立方体竖直叠放组成的不透明几何体。他从正面、左面和上面分别观察该几何体，得到的视图如下：正面和左面看到的都是上下排列的两个正方形，上面看到的是一个正方形。若将该几何体绕其竖直中心轴顺时针旋转90°，则旋转后从正面看到的视图是以下哪种？","answer":"B","explanation":"原几何体由两个立方体竖直叠放，因此其正面和左面视图均为上下两个正方形，上面视图为一个正方形。当绕竖直中心轴顺时针旋转90°后，几何体的左右侧面变为新的正面。但由于两个立方体是沿竖直方向堆叠的，旋转后高度方向不变，左右宽度也未改变，因此从新的正面观察，仍然看到的是上下排列的两个正方形。旋转不改变竖直堆叠关系，只改变水平朝向，故视图形状不变。因此正确答案为B。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 16:43:03","updated_at":"2026-01-10 16:43:03","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"一个正方形","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"上下排列的两个正方形","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"左右排列的两个正方形","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"三个正方形排成一列","is_correct":0}]},{"id":628,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某次环保活动中，某班学生收集废旧纸张和塑料瓶进行回收。已知每3千克废旧纸张和每2千克塑料瓶可兑换15元环保基金。如果该班共收集了9千克废旧纸张和6千克塑料瓶，那么他们可以兑换多少元环保基金？","answer":"B","explanation":"根据题意，每3千克废旧纸张和2千克塑料瓶可兑换15元。观察所收集的数量：9千克废旧纸张是3千克的3倍，6千克塑料瓶是2千克的3倍，说明收集的总量正好是基本兑换单位的3倍。因此，兑换金额为15元 × 3 = 45元。本题考查学生对比例关系的理解与简单整数倍的应用，属于有理数在实际问题中的简单运用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 21:54:40","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"30元","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"45元","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"60元","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"75元","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2395,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在一张方格纸上绘制了一个轴对称图形，其对称轴为直线x = 3。已知该图形上一点P的坐标为(1, 5)，则其对称点P′的坐标为多少？若该图形还满足：连接P与P′的线段中点在对称轴上，且线段PP′与x轴垂直，那么以下选项中正确的是？","answer":"A","explanation":"由于图形关于直线x = 3轴对称，点P(1, 5)的对称点P′应与P到对称轴的距离相等，且在对称轴另一侧。点P到直线x = 3的水平距离为|3 - 1| = 2，因此P′的横坐标为3 + 2 = 5，纵坐标保持不变（因为对称轴是竖直的，上下不翻转），故P′的坐标为(5, 5)。同时，PP′的中点横坐标为(1 + 5)\/2 = 3，恰好在对称轴x = 3上，且PP′为水平线段，与x轴平行而非垂直——但题目中‘与x轴垂直’应为笔误或干扰信息，实际轴对称中对应点连线被对称轴垂直平分，此处对称轴为竖直，PP′为水平，确实互相垂直，条件成立。因此正确答案为A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 11:54:32","updated_at":"2026-01-10 11:54:32","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"P′的坐标为(5, 5)","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"P′的坐标为(3, 5)","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"P′的坐标为(5, 1)","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"P′的坐标为(1, 3)","is_correct":0}]}]