习题练习

[{"id":1524,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级开展‘校园植物分布调查’项目，学生需记录不同区域植物种类数量，并进行数据分析。调查区域被划分为A、B、C三个区域，分别位于平面直角坐标系中的矩形范围内：A区为点(0,0)到(4,3)，B区为点(4,0)到(8,3)，C区为点(0,3)到(8,6)。已知A区每平方米有2种植物，B区每平方米有3种植物，C区每平方米有1.5种植物。调查过程中发现，B区实际记录的植物种类总数比理论值少6种，而C区比理论值多4种。若三个区域总记录植物种类为86种，求A区的实际面积（单位：平方米）。注：所有区域均为矩形，面积单位为平方米，植物种类数为整数或一位小数。","answer":"解：\n\n第一步：计算各区域的面积。\n\nA区：从(0,0)到(4,3)，长为4，宽为3，面积为 4 × 3 = 12（平方米）\nB区：从(4,0)到(8,3)，长为4，宽为3，面积为 4 × 3 = 12（平方米）\nC区：从(0,3)到(8,6)，长为8，宽为3，面积为 8 × 3 = 24（平方米）\n\n第二步：计算各区域理论植物种类数。\n\nA区理论种类：12 × 2 = 24（种）\nB区理论种类：12 × 3 = 36（种）\nC区理论种类：24 × 1.5 = 36（种）\n\n第三步：设A区实际记录的植物种类为A_actual。\n\n根据题意：\nB区实际 = 36 - 6 = 30（种）\nC区实际 = 36 + 4 = 40（种）\n\n三个区域总记录种类为86种，因此：\nA_actual + 30 + 40 = 86\nA_actual = 86 - 70 = 16（种）\n\n第四步：设A区实际面积为x平方米。\n\n已知A区每平方米有2种植物，因此实际种类数为 2x。\n所以有方程：\n2x = 16\n解得：x = 8\n\n答：A区的实际面积为8平方米。","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系中矩形面积的确定、实数运算、一元一次方程的建立与求解，以及数据的整理与分析能力。解题关键在于理解‘理论值’与‘实际值’的差异，并通过总数量反推未知量。首先利用坐标确定各区域几何尺寸并计算面积，再结合单位面积植物密度求出理论种类数；接着根据题设调整B、C两区的实际记录数，利用总和求出A区实际记录种类；最后设A区实际面积为未知数，建立一元一次方程求解。题目融合了坐标、面积、密度、方程与数据分析，逻辑链条完整，难度较高，适合训练学生综合应用能力。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 12:13:23","updated_at":"2026-01-06 12:13:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1801,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在平面直角坐标系中，点A(2, 3)、B(6, 7)，线段AB的中点为M。若点P(x, y)满足PM = 5且x + y = 10，则点P的横坐标x的可能值为___。","answer":"4或8","explanation":"先求中点M(4,5)，设P(x,10−x)，利用距离公式列方程(x−4)²+(5−x)²=25，化简得x²−12x+32=0，解得x=4或8。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:15:51","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:15:51","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":168,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"小明去文具店买笔记本，每本笔记本的价格是8元。他买了3本，付给收银员50元，应找回多少元？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先计算3本笔记本的总价：8元\/本 × 3本 = 24元。小明付了50元，所以应找回的钱为：50元 - 24元 = 26元。因此正确答案是A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 11:20:30","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"26元","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"24元","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"34元","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"16元","is_correct":0}]},{"id":990,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了教室中5个矩形窗户的长和宽，并将数据整理成如下表格。已知每个窗户的周长计算公式为：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)。若其中一个窗户的长为1.2米，宽为0.8米，则这个窗户的周长是___米。","answer":"4","explanation":"根据题目给出的周长公式：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)，将长1.2米和宽0.8米代入计算：2 × (1.2 + 0.8) = 2 × 2.0 = 4（米）。因此，该窗户的周长是4米。本题考查的是有理数的加法与乘法运算在实际问题中的应用，属于几何图形初步中的矩形周长计算，符合七年级数学知识点。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:40:10","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2014,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次校园艺术节中，某学生设计了一个轴对称图案，图案由两个全等的直角三角形拼接而成，形成一个等腰三角形。已知其中一个直角三角形的两条直角边分别为5 cm和12 cm，则这个等腰三角形的周长是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"首先，根据勾股定理计算直角三角形的斜边：斜边 = √(5² + 12²) = √(25 + 144) = √169 = 13 cm。由于两个全等的直角三角形沿斜边拼接，形成的等腰三角形的两条腰分别为5 cm和12 cm中较长的一条边（即12 cm）作为底边？不，实际上，当两个全等直角三角形沿斜边拼接时，形成的是以两条直角边为腰的等腰三角形？不对。正确理解是：若沿直角边拼接，则可能形成等腰三角形。但题意是‘拼接成一个等腰三角形’，最合理的方式是将两个直角三角形沿长度为12 cm的直角边重合，这样两个5 cm的直角边成为等腰三角形的两腰，底边为13 cm + 13 cm？不成立。正确拼接方式应为：将两个直角三角形沿斜边以外的边拼接，使非直角边对应相等。实际上，标准做法是将两个全等直角三角形沿直角边12 cm拼接，使两个5 cm边成为等腰三角形的两腰，此时底边为两个斜边之和？不，这样不形成三角形。正确方式：将两个直角三角形沿长度为5 cm的直角边拼接，使两个12 cm边成为等腰三角形的两腰，底边为两个斜边？也不对。重新分析：要形成等腰三角形，应将两个全等直角三角形沿一条直角边拼接，使得另外两条相等的边成为等腰三角形的两腰。若沿5 cm边拼接，则两腰为12 cm，底边为两个斜边？不，底边应为两个直角顶点的连线，即两个直角三角形的另一条直角边（12 cm）平行，底边为斜边？混乱。正确理解：将两个全等直角三角形沿斜边以外的边拼接，使形成的三角形有两条边相等。最合理的是：将两个直角三角形沿12 cm边拼接，使两个5 cm边在同一直线上，形成底边为10 cm，两腰为13 cm的等腰三角形？但这样不是由两个直角三角形直接拼接成一个大三角形。正确拼接方式：将两个直角三角形沿直角边12 cm重合，使两个5 cm边成为等腰三角形的两腰，此时两个直角顶点重合，两个斜边成为等腰三角形的两条边？不成立。实际上，正确方式是：将两个全等直角三角形沿直角边5 cm拼接，使两个12 cm边在同一直线上，形成底边为24 cm，两腰为13 cm的等腰三角形？也不对。重新思考：若两个全等直角三角形沿一条直角边拼接，且该边不是斜边，则形成的大三角形有两条边为原斜边，一条边为两倍直角边。但要使大三角形为等腰三角形，必须使两条边相等。因此，只有当两个直角三角形沿直角边拼接后，两条斜边作为等腰三角形的两腰，底边为两倍","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 10:29:49","updated_at":"2026-01-09 10:29:49","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"30 cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"34 cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"36 cm","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"40 cm","is_correct":0}]},{"id":159,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"下列各数中，属于正整数的是（ ）","answer":"D","explanation":"正整数是指大于0的整数。选项A是负整数，选项B是0（既不是正数也不是负数），选项C是小数，只有选项D的7是大于0的整数，因此选D。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-24 11:57:36","updated_at":"2025-12-24 11:57:36","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"-3","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"0","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"1.5","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"7","is_correct":1}]},{"id":1475,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"小学","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究平面直角坐标系中的点与图形关系时，设计了如下实验：在坐标系中，点A的坐标为(2, 3)，点B位于x轴上，且线段AB的长度为5。点C是线段AB的中点，点D在y轴上，且满足CD的长度等于AB长度的一半。已知点D位于y轴正半轴，求点D的坐标。","answer":"解题步骤如下：\n\n1. 设点B的坐标为(x, 0)，因为点B在x轴上。\n\n2. 根据两点间距离公式，AB的长度为：\n AB = √[(x - 2)² + (0 - 3)²] = 5\n 即：(x - 2)² + 9 = 25\n (x - 2)² = 16\n x - 2 = ±4\n 所以x = 6 或 x = -2\n 因此点B有两个可能位置：(6, 0) 或 (-2, 0)\n\n3. 分别求两种情况下点C的坐标（AB中点）：\n - 若B为(6, 0)，则C = ((2+6)\/2, (3+0)\/2) = (4, 1.5)\n - 若B为(-2, 0)，则C = ((2-2)\/2, (3+0)\/2) = (0, 1.5)\n\n4. 点D在y轴上，设其坐标为(0, y)，且y > 0（因在正半轴）\n 已知CD = AB \/ 2 = 5 \/ 2 = 2.5\n\n5. 分情况讨论CD的距离：\n\n 情况一：C为(4, 1.5)\n CD = √[(0 - 4)² + (y - 1.5)²] = 2.5\n 16 + (y - 1.5)² = 6.25\n (y - 1.5)² = -9.75 → 无实数解（舍去）\n\n 情况二：C为(0, 1.5)\n CD = √[(0 - 0)² + (y - 1.5)²] = |y - 1.5| = 2.5\n 所以 y - 1.5 = 2.5 或 y - 1.5 = -2.5\n 解得 y = 4 或 y = -1\n 但y > 0，故y = 4\n\n6. 因此点D的坐标为(0, 4)\n\n答案：点D的坐标是(0, 4)","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系、两点间距离公式、中点坐标公式以及实数运算。解题关键在于分类讨论点B的两种可能位置，并通过距离条件排除不符合的情况。特别需要注意的是，当点C在y轴上时，CD的距离计算简化为纵坐标差的绝对值，这是解题的突破口。同时，题目设置了无解情况以检验学生对方程解的合理性判断能力，体现了对数学严谨性的考查。整个过程涉及代数运算、几何直观和逻辑推理，属于较高难度的综合题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:53:23","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:53:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2768,"subject":"历史","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"考古学家在某遗址中发现了大量炭化稻谷、干栏式建筑遗迹和刻画符号的陶器，这些发现最有可能属于哪个新石器时代文化？","answer":"A","explanation":"题干中提到的‘炭化稻谷’表明该地区以水稻种植为主，而水稻主要种植于长江流域；‘干栏式建筑’是适应潮湿环境的典型建筑形式，常见于南方地区；刻画符号的陶器也见于河姆渡遗址。河姆渡文化位于浙江余姚，属于长江流域的新石器时代文化，距今约7000年，符合上述特征。半坡文化位于黄河流域，以粟作农业和半地穴式房屋为特点；大汶口文化和红山文化也主要分布在北方，且不以水稻为主要作物。因此，正确答案为A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-12 10:40:42","updated_at":"2026-01-12 10:40:42","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"河姆渡文化","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"半坡文化","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"大汶口文化","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"红山文化","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1933,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在平面直角坐标系中，点A(2, 3)、点B(6, 7)，点C在x轴上，且△ABC是以AB为斜边的等腰直角三角形，则点C的横坐标为___。","answer":"4","explanation":"由AB中点M(4,5)为直角顶点对称中心，C在x轴上且满足AC=BC，利用距离公式列方程解得C横坐标为4。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 14:10:20","updated_at":"2026-01-07 14:10:20","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":447,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生调查了班级同学每天用于课外阅读的时间（单位：分钟），并将数据整理如下表：\n\n| 阅读时间（分钟） | 人数 |\n|------------------|------|\n| 0～20 | 5 |\n| 20～40 | 8 |\n| 40～60 | 12 |\n| 60～80 | 10 |\n| 80～100 | 5 |\n\n则该班级学生每天课外阅读时间的众数所在的区间是？","answer":"C","explanation":"众数是指一组数据中出现次数最多的数据。在本题中，虽然无法知道每个具体数值，但可以确定哪个区间的人数最多，即频数最高的区间就是众数所在的区间。从表中可以看出，阅读时间在40～60分钟的人数最多，为12人，因此众数所在的区间是40～60分钟。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:44:06","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"0～20分钟","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"20～40分钟","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"40～60分钟","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"60～80分钟","is_correct":0}]}]