习题练习

[{"id":1003,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保知识竞赛中，某学生答对一题得5分，答错一题扣2分，不答得0分。该学生共回答了20道题，最终得分为67分。假设他答错的题数为___道。","answer":"3","explanation":"设该学生答错的题数为x道，则答对的题数为(20 - x)道（因为总共回答了20题，没有不答的）。根据得分规则：答对一题得5分，答错一题扣2分，总得分为67分。可列方程：5(20 - x) - 2x = 67。展开得：100 - 5x - 2x = 67，即100 - 7x = 67。解得7x = 33，x = 3。因此，该学生答错了3道题。本题考查一元一次方程的实际应用，结合生活情境，难度适中，符合七年级学生认知水平。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:56:56","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2258,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在数轴上，点A表示的数是-3，点B与点A之间的距离是5个单位长度，且点B在原点右侧。那么点B表示的数是___。","answer":"B","explanation":"点A在数轴上表示-3，点B与点A相距5个单位长度。由于点B在原点右侧，说明点B表示的数大于0。从-3向右移动5个单位，即-3 + 5 = 2，因此点B表示的数是2。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 16:03:06","updated_at":"2026-01-09 16:03:06","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"-8","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"2","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"8","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"-2","is_correct":0}]},{"id":371,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，共20道题，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分。一名学生最终得分为65分，请问他答对了多少道题？","answer":"A","explanation":"设这名学生答对了x道题，则答错或不答的题数为(20 - x)道。根据题意，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分，总得分为65分，可列出一元一次方程：5x - 2(20 - x) = 65。展开并化简：5x - 40 + 2x = 65，合并同类项得7x - 40 = 65，移项得7x = 105，解得x = 15。因此，该学生答对了15道题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:49:17","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"15","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"14","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"13","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"12","is_correct":0}]},{"id":966,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了学校花坛中5株向日葵的高度（单位：厘米），分别为：82，75，90，78，_85_。如果这5株向日葵的平均高度是82厘米，那么被遮盖的那个数据应该是多少？","answer":"85","explanation":"已知5株向日葵的平均高度是82厘米，因此总高度为 5 × 82 = 410 厘米。已知的四个高度分别是82、75、90、78，它们的和为 82 + 75 + 90 + 78 = 325 厘米。所以被遮盖的数据为 410 - 325 = 85 厘米。本题考查数据的收集与整理中的平均数计算，属于简单难度，符合七年级‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:03:03","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2775,"subject":"历史","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"下列哪一项是唐朝对外友好交往的典型事例，体现了当时中外文化交流的繁荣？","answer":"B","explanation":"本题考查唐朝时期中外交流的史实。A项张骞出使西域发生在西汉时期，不属于唐朝；C项郑和下西洋是明朝的事件；D项玄奘西行虽为唐朝中外交流的重要事件，但其主要目的是求取佛经，而鉴真东渡日本则是主动将唐朝的佛教、建筑、医学等文化传播到日本，是唐朝对外友好交往和文化输出的典型代表，更符合‘对外友好交往’和‘文化交流繁荣’的题意。因此，正确答案为B。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-12 10:42:55","updated_at":"2026-01-12 10:42:55","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"张骞出使西域，开辟丝绸之路","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"鉴真东渡日本，传播唐朝文化与佛教","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"郑和下西洋，访问亚非多个国家","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"玄奘西行天竺，取回大量佛经并翻译","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1637,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市计划在一条主干道两侧安装智能路灯系统。道路全长1200米，起点和终点都必须安装路灯。设计要求如下：\n\n1. 道路每侧每隔相同距离安装一盏路灯，且两侧路灯在垂直于道路的方向上对齐；\n2. 每侧路灯数量比间隔数多1；\n3. 为节省成本，要求每侧的路灯数量尽可能少，但任意两盏相邻路灯之间的距离不得超过60米；\n4. 安装完成后，需在平面直角坐标系中标记所有路灯的位置，以道路起点为原点(0, 0)，道路沿x轴正方向延伸，左侧路灯位于y = 3处，右侧路灯位于y = -3处。\n\n问：(1) 每侧应安装多少盏路灯？相邻两盏路灯之间的距离是多少米？\n(2) 写出左侧第5盏路灯的坐标；\n(3) 若每盏路灯的维护成本为每年80元，且预算限制为每年不超过5000元，问该方案是否满足预算要求？请说明理由。","answer":"(1) 设每侧安装n盏路灯，则有(n - 1)个间隔。道路全长1200米，因此相邻两盏路灯之间的距离为：1200 ÷ (n - 1) 米。\n根据设计要求，该距离不得超过60米，即：\n1200 ÷ (n - 1) ≤ 60\n解这个不等式：\n1200 ≤ 60(n - 1)\n1200 ≤ 60n - 60\n1260 ≤ 60n\nn ≥ 21\n因为n为整数，且要求路灯数量尽可能少，所以取n = 21。\n此时间隔数为20，相邻距离为：1200 ÷ 20 = 60（米），满足不超过60米的要求。\n答：每侧应安装21盏路灯，相邻两盏路灯之间的距离是60米。\n\n(2) 左侧路灯位于y = 3处，沿x轴从0开始每隔60米一盏。\n第1盏：x = 0\n第2盏：x = 60\n第3盏：x = 120\n第4盏：x = 180\n第5盏：x = 240\n因此，左侧第5盏路灯的坐标为(240, 3)。\n\n(3) 每侧21盏，两侧共：21 × 2 = 42盏路灯。\n每年维护成本为：42 × 80 = 3360（元）\n预算限制为5000元，3360 < 5000，因此该方案满足预算要求。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次不等式、平面直角坐标系、有理数运算及实际应用建模能力。第(1)问通过建立不等式模型求解最小路灯数量，体现了优化思想；第(2)问考查坐标系中点的位置表示，需理解等距分布规律；第(3)问结合有理数乘法和比较大小，进行成本分析。题目情境新颖，融合工程设计与数学建模，要求学生具备较强的阅读理解、逻辑推理和综合运用能力，符合困难难度要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 13:08:37","updated_at":"2026-01-06 13:08:37","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1945,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中绘制了一个四边形ABCD，已知点A(2, 3)、B(5, 7)、C(8, 4)，且四边形ABCD是平行四边形，则点D的坐标为____。","answer":"(5, 0)","explanation":"利用平行四边形对角线互相平分的性质，AC中点坐标为((2+8)\/2, (3+4)\/2) = (5, 3.5)，设D(x, y)，则BD中点也应为(5, 3.5)，解得x=5，y=0。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 14:12:50","updated_at":"2026-01-07 14:12:50","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":584,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间时，随机抽取了30名学生进行调查，发现每天阅读时间在0.5小时到1.5小时之间。他将这些数据分为5组，并制作了频数分布表。若每组组距相同，则每组的组距是多少小时？","answer":"B","explanation":"题目中给出的数据范围是从0.5小时到1.5小时，因此全距为1.5 - 0.5 = 1.0小时。将数据分为5组，且每组组距相同，则组距 = 全距 ÷ 组数 = 1.0 ÷ 5 = 0.2小时。因此正确答案是B选项。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 20:12:03","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"0.1","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"0.2","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"0.3","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"0.4","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2509,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生设计了一个圆形花坛，花坛中心有一根垂直的灯柱。灯柱顶端投射出的光线在地面上形成一个圆锥形的照明区域。已知灯柱高为3米，光线与地面的夹角为60°，则照明区域在地面上的圆形半径是多少米？","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查锐角三角函数的应用。灯柱垂直于地面，高度为3米，光线与地面夹角为60°，即光线与灯柱之间的夹角为30°。在由灯柱、地面半径和光线构成的直角三角形中，灯柱为邻边，地面半径为对边，夹角为30°。利用正切函数：tan(30°) = 对边 \/ 邻边 = r \/ 3。因为 tan(30°) = √3 \/ 3，所以 r = 3 × (√3 \/ 3) = √3。因此，照明区域的半径为√3米，正确答案为A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 15:33:23","updated_at":"2026-01-10 15:33:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"√3","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"3√3","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"6","is_correct":0}]},{"id":611,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级数学测验中，某学生记录了5名同学的数学成绩（单位：分）如下：82，76，90，88，74。如果老师要求将这组数据按从小到大的顺序排列，并找出中位数，那么中位数是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"首先将5个成绩按从小到大的顺序排列：74，76，82，88，90。由于数据个数为5（奇数个），中位数就是位于正中间的那个数，即第3个数。因此，中位数是82。本题考查的是数据的整理与描述中的中位数概念，属于简单难度，符合七年级数学课程标准要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 21:37:28","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"76","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"82","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"88","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"90","is_correct":0}]}]