习题练习

[{"id":1362,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学校组织七年级学生进行校园绿化活动，计划在校园内的一块矩形空地上种植花草。已知这块空地的长比宽多6米，且其周长为44米。为了合理规划种植区域，学校决定在空地内部铺设一条宽度相同的环形步道，步道的内侧形成一个较小的矩形种植区。若铺设步道后，剩余种植区的面积是原空地面积的一半，求步道的宽度。","answer":"设原矩形空地的宽为x米，则长为(x + 6)米。\n根据周长公式：2(长 + 宽) = 44\n代入得：2(x + x + 6) = 44\n化简：2(2x + 6) = 44 → 4x + 12 = 44 → 4x = 32 → x = 8\n所以，原空地的宽为8米，长为8 + 6 = 14米。\n原面积为：8 × 14 = 112平方米。\n设步道的宽度为y米，则内侧种植区的长为(14 - 2y)米，宽为(8 - 2y)米（因为步道在四周，每边减少2y）。\n根据题意，种植区面积是原面积的一半，即：\n(14 - 2y)(8 - 2y) = 112 ÷ 2 = 56\n展开左边：14×8 - 14×2y - 8×2y + 4y² = 56\n即：112 - 28y - 16y + 4y² = 56\n合并同类项：4y² - 44y + 112 = 56\n移项得：4y² - 44y + 56 = 0\n两边同除以4：y² - 11y + 14 = 0\n使用求根公式：y = [11 ± √(121 - 56)] \/ 2 = [11 ± √65] \/ 2\n√65 ≈ 8.06，所以y ≈ (11 ± 8.06)\/2\ny₁ ≈ (11 + 8.06)\/2 ≈ 9.53，y₂ ≈ (11 - 8.06)\/2 ≈ 1.47\n由于原空地宽为8米，步道宽度不能超过4米（否则内侧无种植区），故舍去y ≈ 9.53\n因此，步道的宽度约为1.47米。\n但题目要求精确解，故保留根号形式：\ny = (11 - √65)\/2 （舍去较大根）\n经检验，(11 - √65)\/2 ≈ 1.47，符合实际意义。\n答：步道的宽度为(11 - √65)\/2米。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次方程、整式的加减、实数以及几何图形初步中的矩形面积与周长计算。首先通过周长建立方程求出原矩形的长和宽，属于基础应用；接着引入变量表示步道宽度，利用面积关系建立一元二次方程，涉及整式乘法与化简；最后求解一元二次方程并依据实际意义取舍解，体现了数学建模与实际问题结合的能力。题目难度较高，因需多步推理、代数运算及合理性判断，符合困难级别要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:08:35","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:08:35","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2547,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，抛物线 y = x² - 4x + 3 与反比例函数 y = k\/x 的图像在第一象限内有一个公共点 P，且点 P 到 x 轴的距离为 1。若将该抛物线绕其顶点旋转 180°，得到新的抛物线，则新抛物线与反比例函数图像的交点个数为多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"首先，求原抛物线 y = x² - 4x + 3 的顶点：配方得 y = (x - 2)² - 1，顶点为 (2, -1)。点 P 在第一象限且在抛物线上，且到 x 轴距离为 1，即纵坐标为 1。代入抛物线方程：1 = x² - 4x + 3，解得 x² - 4x + 2 = 0，解得 x = 2 ± √2。因在第一象限，取 x = 2 + √2，故 P(2 + √2, 1)。又 P 在反比例函数 y = k\/x 上，代入得 k = x·y = (2 + √2)·1 = 2 + √2，故反比例函数为 y = (2 + √2)\/x。将原抛物线绕顶点 (2, -1) 旋转 180°，其开口方向反向，形状不变，新抛物线方程为 y = -(x - 2)² - 1 = -x² + 4x - 5。联立新抛物线与反比例函数：-x² + 4x - 5 = (2 + √2)\/x，两边乘以 x（x ≠ 0）得：-x³ + 4x² - 5x = 2 + √2，即 -x³ + 4x² - 5x - (2 + √2) = 0。此三次方程在实数范围内分析图像趋势：当 x → 0⁺ 时，左边 → -∞；当 x → +∞ 时，-x³ 主导，→ -∞；在 x = 2 附近函数值变化分析可知，函数图像仅穿过 x 轴一次，故仅有一个实数解。因此，新抛物线与反比例函数图像有 1 个交点。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 17:02:12","updated_at":"2026-01-10 17:02:12","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"0 个","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"1 个","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"2 个","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"3 个","is_correct":0}]},{"id":204,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在计算一个数减去3.5时，误将减号看成了加号，结果得到8.2。正确的计算结果应该是____。","answer":"1.2","explanation":"该学生误将减法做成了加法，即把原数加上3.5得到了8.2。因此可以先求出原数：8.2 - 3.5 = 4.7。然后用正确的运算方式计算：4.7 - 3.5 = 1.2。所以正确答案是1.2。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:39:29","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":507,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的身高数据时，制作了如下频数分布表。已知身高在150～155cm（含150cm，不含155cm）的人数为8人，155～160cm的人数为12人，160～165cm的人数为15人，165～170cm的人数为10人。若该班共有50名学生，且没有其他身高段的学生，那么身高不低于160cm的学生占总人数的百分比是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"题目要求计算身高不低于160cm的学生占总人数的百分比。根据频数分布表，身高不低于160cm包括两个区间：160～165cm（15人）和165～170cm（10人），共15 + 10 = 25人。班级总人数为50人，因此百分比为(25 ÷ 50) × 100% = 50%。故正确答案为A。本题考查数据的整理与描述中的频数统计与百分比计算，属于简单难度，符合七年级数学课程内容。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:13:20","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"50%","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"60%","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"70%","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"80%","is_correct":0}]},{"id":553,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间（单位：小时）时，记录了以下5个数据：2.5，3，3.5，4，4.5。如果他想用这组数据制作频数分布表，并将数据分为两组：3小时以下（不含3小时）和3小时及以上，那么这两组的频数分别是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先明确分组标准：第一组是“3小时以下（不含3小时）”，即小于3；第二组是“3小时及以上”，即大于或等于3。原始数据为：2.5，3，3.5，4，4.5。其中，只有2.5小于3，属于第一组，频数为1；其余数据3、3.5、4、4.5均大于或等于3，属于第二组，共4个数据，频数为4。因此，两组的频数分别是1和4，正确答案为A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:11:16","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"1和4","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"2和3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"3和2","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"4和1","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1740,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究城市公园的绿化规划时，收集了一组数据：公园内不同区域的树木数量与对应的灌溉用水量（单位：吨）如下表所示。已知树木数量与用水量之间存在线性关系，且当树木数量为0时，基础维护用水量为2吨。该学生建立了一个二元一次方程组来描述这一关系，并利用平面直角坐标系绘制了对应的直线图像。此外，公园管理部门规定，每个区域的月用水量不得超过15吨。若某区域计划种植x棵树，且每增加3棵树，用水量增加1.5吨。请回答以下问题：\n\n（1）写出描述树木数量x与用水量y之间关系的二元一次方程组，并将其化为一元一次方程的标准形式；\n\n（2）求出该一元一次方程的解，并解释其实际意义；\n\n（3）若某区域已种植18棵树，是否满足用水量不超过15吨的规定？请通过计算说明；\n\n（4）若该学生希望在不违反用水规定的前提下尽可能多地种植树木，求最多可种植多少棵树？并求出此时的实际用水量。","answer":"（1）根据题意，当树木数量x = 0时，用水量y = 2，即截距为2。每增加3棵树，用水量增加1.5吨，因此每增加1棵树，用水量增加1.5 ÷ 3 = 0.5吨，即斜率为0.5。\n\n因此，用水量y与树木数量x之间的函数关系为：\n y = 0.5x + 2\n\n将其转化为二元一次方程组的标准形式（移项）：\n 0.5x - y + 2 = 0\n\n两边同乘以2，消去小数，得一元一次方程的标准形式：\n x - 2y + 4 = 0\n\n（2）将方程x - 2y + 4 = 0变形为y关于x的表达式：\n 2y = x + 4\n y = (1\/2)x + 2\n\n此方程的解为所有满足该关系的实数对(x, y)，其实际意义是：对于任意种植的树木数量x，对应的理论用水量为(1\/2)x + 2吨。例如，种植10棵树时，用水量为(1\/2)×10 + 2 = 7吨。\n\n（3）当x = 18时，代入y = 0.5x + 2：\n y = 0.5 × 18 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11（吨）\n\n因为11 < 15，所以满足用水量不超过15吨的规定。\n\n（4）设最多可种植x棵树，则用水量y ≤ 15。代入方程：\n 0.5x + 2 ≤ 15\n 0.5x ≤ 13\n x ≤ 26\n\n因为x为整数（树木数量），所以x的最大值为26。\n\n此时用水量为：y = 0.5 × 26 + 2 = 13 + 2 = 15（吨），正好达到上限。\n\n答：最多可种植26棵树，此时用水量为15吨。","explanation":"本题综合考查了二元一次方程组的建立、一元一次方程的解法、不等式的应用以及实际问题的数学建模能力。首先，通过分析数据变化规律（每3棵树增加1.5吨水），确定线性关系的斜率，并结合截距建立函数模型。其次，将函数表达式转化为标准方程形式，体现代数变形能力。然后，利用方程进行具体数值计算，判断是否满足约束条件。最后，结合不等式求解最大值问题，体现最优化思想。整个过程融合了有理数运算、整式表达、方程与不等式求解、平面直角坐标系中的线性关系以及数据的整理与应用，符合七年级数学课程的综合能力要求，难度较高，适合用于选拔性或拓展性测试。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 14:23:40","updated_at":"2026-01-06 14:23:40","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2442,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某校八年级组织了一次数学实践活动，学生需要测量一个无法直接到达的池塘两端A、B之间的距离。一名学生在平地上选取了一点C，测得AC = 50米，BC = 60米，并测得∠ACB = 90°。随后，他在AC的延长线上取一点D，使得CD = 30米，并测量了BD的长度为√7300米。若利用勾股定理和全等三角形的知识验证测量是否准确，则以下结论正确的是：","answer":"C","explanation":"首先，在△ABC中，已知AC = 50米，BC = 60米，∠ACB = 90°，根据勾股定理可得：AB² = AC² + BC² = 50² + 60² = 2500 + 3600 = 6100，因此AB = √6100米。接着分析点D：D在AC延长线上，CD = 30米，故AD = AC + CD = 80米。已知BD = √7300米，在△BCD中，若∠BCD = 180° - 90° = 90°（因∠ACB = 90°，C、A、D共线），则应有BD² = BC² + CD²。代入数据：BC² + CD² = 60² + 30² = 3600 + 900 = 4500，但BD² = 7300 ≠ 4500，说明∠BCD不是直角，或BC长度有误。进一步，若假设BD = √7300，CD = 30，则由勾股定理逆推得BC² = BD² - CD² = 7300 - 900 = 6400，即BC = 80米，与题设BC = 60米矛盾。因此测量数据不一致，测量不准确。选项C正确指出了这一矛盾。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 13:30:25","updated_at":"2026-01-10 13:30:25","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"测量准确，因为根据勾股定理计算得AB = √6100米，且△BCD ≌ △ACB","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"测量准确，因为AB² + BC² = AC²，且BD² = BC² + CD²","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"测量不准确，因为若∠ACB = 90°，则AB应为√6100米，但由BD = √7300米和CD = 30米可推得BC ≠ 60米","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"测量不准确，因为△ABC与△BDC不满足全等条件，且角度关系矛盾","is_correct":0}]},{"id":228,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生计算一个数的相反数时，将 5 写成了 -5，那么这个数的相反数应该是 _____。","answer":"-5","explanation":"相反数的定义是：一个数 a 的相反数是 -a。题目中说某学生将 5 的相反数写成了 -5，说明原数是 5，而 5 的相反数确实是 -5。但题目问的是‘这个数的相反数应该是’，即求原数的相反数，因此答案就是 -5。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:40:52","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":705,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了教室中5张课桌的高度（单位：厘米），记录如下：75，76，74，75，75。这组数据的众数是____。","answer":"75","explanation":"众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数。在这组数据75，76，74，75，75中，75出现了3次，76和74各出现1次，因此众数是75。本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的基本概念，属于简单难度，符合七年级数学课程标准要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:44:20","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":788,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某学校七年级学生共收集了120千克废纸。如果每5千克废纸可以生产3千克再生纸，那么这些废纸一共可以生产____千克再生纸。","answer":"72","explanation":"根据题意，每5千克废纸可生产3千克再生纸。先求出120千克废纸中有多少个5千克：120 ÷ 5 = 24。每个5千克对应3千克再生纸，因此总共可生产 24 × 3 = 72 千克再生纸。本题考查有理数的乘除运算在实际问题中的应用，属于简单难度。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 00:06:44","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]