习题练习

[{"id":2360,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次校园绿化设计中，某学生需要计算一个由两个全等直角三角形拼接而成的菱形花坛的对角线长度。已知每个直角三角形的两条直角边分别为√12米和√27米，且这两个直角边分别作为菱形的两条对角线的一半。求该菱形花坛的面积。","answer":"C","explanation":"首先化简已知的直角边：√12 = 2√3，√27 = 3√3。根据题意，这两个直角边分别是一条对角线的一半，因此菱形的两条对角线长度分别为2 × 2√3 = 4√3（米）和2 × 3√3 = 6√3（米）。菱形的面积公式为：面积 = (对角线1 × 对角线2) ÷ 2。代入得：面积 = (4√3 × 6√3) ÷ 2 = (24 × 3) ÷ 2 = 72 ÷ 2 = 36（平方米）。因此正确答案为C。本题综合考查了二次根式的化简、勾股定理背景下的几何理解以及菱形面积公式的应用，难度适中。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 11:12:45","updated_at":"2026-01-10 11:12:45","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"18平方米","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"27平方米","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"36平方米","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"54平方米","is_correct":0}]},{"id":334,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"90°","answer":"答案待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:39:49","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1344,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级开展‘校园绿化优化’项目，计划在长方形花坛ABCD中种植花卉。花坛长12米，宽8米，现需在花坛内部修建两条相互垂直的小路：一条平行于长边，一条平行于宽边，且两条小路宽度相同，均为x米。修建后，剩余种植区域的面积为60平方米。已知小路的交叉部分只计算一次面积。若设小路宽度为x米，请根据题意列出方程并求出x的值。此外，若规定小路宽度不得超过花坛较短边长度的1\/4，判断所求得的解是否符合实际要求。","answer":"解：\n\n1. 花坛总面积为：12 × 8 = 96（平方米）\n\n2. 修建两条小路后，剩余种植面积为60平方米，因此两条小路总占地面积为：\n 96 - 60 = 36（平方米）\n\n3. 设小路宽度为x米。\n - 平行于长边（12米）的小路面积为：12x\n - 平行于宽边（8米）的小路面积为：8x\n - 两条小路交叉部分是一个边长为x的正方形，面积为：x²\n - 由于交叉部分被重复计算了一次，因此两条小路的实际总面积为：\n 12x + 8x - x² = 20x - x²\n\n4. 根据题意，小路总面积为36平方米，列方程：\n 20x - x² = 36\n\n5. 整理方程：\n -x² + 20x - 36 = 0\n 两边同乘以-1，得：\n x² - 20x + 36 = 0\n\n6. 解这个一元二次方程（可用因式分解）：\n 寻找两个数，乘积为36，和为20：\n 18 和 2 满足条件（18 × 2 = 36，18 + 2 = 20）\n 所以方程可分解为：\n (x - 18)(x - 2) = 0\n\n7. 解得：x = 18 或 x = 2\n\n8. 检验解的合理性：\n - 花坛宽为8米，若x = 18，则小路宽度超过花坛宽度，不符合实际，舍去。\n - 若x = 2，则小路宽度为2米，合理。\n\n9. 检查是否满足‘小路宽度不得超过花坛较短边长度的1\/4’：\n 较短边为8米，其1\/4为：8 ÷ 4 = 2（米）\n x = 2 ≤ 2，满足要求。\n\n答：小路宽度x的值为2米，且符合实际要求。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次方程的建立与求解、整式的加减运算以及实际问题的数学建模能力。题目通过‘校园绿化’这一真实情境，引导学生将几何图形面积计算与代数方程结合。关键在于理解两条垂直小路交叉部分面积不能重复计算，因此总面积应为两条小路面积之和减去重叠的正方形面积。列方程后转化为一元二次方程，但因七年级尚未系统学习一元二次方程求根公式，故设计为可因式分解的形式，符合七年级知识范围。最后结合实际意义和附加约束条件进行解的检验，体现了数学应用的严谨性。题目涉及几何图形初步、整式加减、一元一次方程建模及不等式判断，难度较高，适合学有余力的学生挑战。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:02:45","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:02:45","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2284,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在数轴上标出三个点A、B、C，其中点A表示的数是-3，点B位于点A右侧5个单位长度处，点C位于点B左侧2个单位长度处，则点C表示的数是___。","answer":"0","explanation":"点A表示-3，点B在A右侧5个单位，即-3 + 5 = 2，所以点B表示2；点C在B左侧2个单位，即2 - 2 = 0，因此点C表示的数是0。本题考查数轴上的点与有理数之间的对应关系及简单的加减运算，符合七年级学生对数轴的认知水平。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 16:27:46","updated_at":"2026-01-09 16:27:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":221,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生用一根长为20厘米的铁丝围成一个正方形，这个正方形的边长是______厘米。","answer":"5","explanation":"正方形的周长等于四条边长之和。已知铁丝总长为20厘米，即正方形的周长为20厘米。设边长为x厘米，则有4x = 20。解这个方程得x = 20 ÷ 4 = 5。因此，正方形的边长是5厘米。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:40:27","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":769,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生收集了若干个塑料瓶。若每3个塑料瓶可以兑换1支铅笔，且该学生最终兑换了___支铅笔后，还剩下2个塑料瓶。已知他最初收集的塑料瓶总数不超过20个，且兑换过程没有浪费，则他最初至少收集了___个塑料瓶。","answer":"6；20","explanation":"设该学生兑换了x支铅笔，则他用于兑换的塑料瓶数量为3x个，加上剩下的2个，总瓶数为3x + 2。根据题意，总瓶数不超过20，即3x + 2 ≤ 20，解得x ≤ 6。要使最初收集的瓶数最少，应使x尽可能小，但题目问的是“至少收集了多少个”，结合“兑换了___支铅笔”这一空，需满足兑换后剩2个且总数不超过20。当x = 6时，总瓶数为3×6 + 2 = 20，符合“不超过20”且为最大可能值，但题目要求“至少收集”，需反向思考：若兑换6支铅笔，则必须至少有18个用于兑换，加上剩余2个，共20个，这是满足条件的最小总数（因为若总数少于20，则无法兑换6支）。因此，第一个空填6（兑换铅笔数），第二个空填20（最初至少收集的瓶数）。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:47:55","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1949,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中绘制了一个四边形ABCD，其顶点坐标分别为A(1, 2)、B(5, 2)、C(7, -1)、D(3, -1)。若将该四边形沿x轴正方向平移3个单位，再沿y轴负方向平移4个单位，则平移后点C的坐标为____。","answer":"(10, -5)","explanation":"平移规则：横坐标加3，纵坐标减4。原C(7, -1) → 7+3=10，-1-4=-5。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 14:14:25","updated_at":"2026-01-07 14:14:25","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2466,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点A(0, 4)，点B(6, 0)，点C在线段AB上，且AC : CB = 1 : 2。点D是线段OB的中点（O为坐标原点），连接CD并延长至点E，使得DE = CD。将△CDE沿直线y = x进行轴对称变换，得到△C'D'E'。已知点F是线段AB上一点，且满足AF : FB = 2 : 1，连接EF'，求EF'的长度。","answer":"解：\n\n第一步：确定点C坐标\n∵ A(0, 4)，B(6, 0)，AC : CB = 1 : 2\n∴ C将AB分为1:2，即C是靠近A的三等分点\n使用定比分点公式：\nC_x = (2×0 + 1×6)\/(1+2) = 6\/3 = 2\nC_y = (2×4 + 1×0)\/3 = 8\/3\n∴ C(2, 8\/3)\n\n第二步：确定点D坐标\nD是OB中点，O(0,0)，B(6,0)\n∴ D(3, 0)\n\n第三步：确定点E坐标\n∵ DE = CD，且E在CD延长线上\n向量CD = D - C = (3 - 2, 0 - 8\/3) = (1, -8\/3)\n则向量DE = 向量CD = (1, -8\/3)\n∴ E = D + DE = (3 + 1, 0 - 8\/3) = (4, -8\/3)\n\n第四步：求△CDE关于直线y = x的对称图形△C'D'E'\n关于y = x对称，即交换x和y坐标\nC(2, 8\/3) → C'(8\/3, 2)\nD(3, 0) → D'(0, 3)\nE(4, -8\/3) → E'(-8\/3, 4)\n\n第五步：确定点F坐标\nF在AB上，AF : FB = 2 : 1，即F...","explanation":"本题综合考查坐标几何、轴对称变换、定比分点、向量运算和勾股定理。解题关键在于准确求出各点坐标：利用定比分点公式求C和F；利用向量相等求E；利用y=x对称变换规则求E'；最后用两点间距离公式结合二次根式化简求EF'。难点在于多步坐标变换与分式、根式的综合运算，需细心计算每一步。","solution_steps":"解：\n\n第一步：确定点C坐标\n∵ A(0, 4)，B(6, 0)，AC : CB = 1 : 2\n∴ C将AB分为1:2，即C是靠近A的三等分点\n使用定比分点公式：\nC_x = (2×0 + 1×6)\/(1+2) = 6\/3 = 2\nC_y = (2×4 + 1×0)\/3 = 8\/3\n∴ C(2, 8\/3)\n\n第二步：确定点D坐标\nD是OB中点，O(0,0)，B(6,0)\n∴ D(3, 0)\n\n第三步：确定点E坐标\n∵ DE = CD，且E在CD延长线上\n向量CD = D - C = (3 - 2, 0 - 8\/3) = (1, -8\/3)\n则向量DE = 向量CD = (1, -8\/3)\n∴ E = D + DE = (3 + 1, 0 - 8\/3) = (4, -8\/3)\n\n第四步：求△CDE关于直线y = x的对称图形△C'D'E'\n关于y = x对称，即交换x和y坐标\nC(2, 8\/3) → C'(8\/3, 2)\nD(3, 0) → D'(0, 3)\nE(4, -8\/3) → E'(-8\/3, 4)\n\n第五步：确定点F坐标\nF在AB上，AF : FB = 2 : 1，即F...","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 14:28:51","updated_at":"2026-01-10 14:28:51","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":557,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某学校七年级学生收集了可回收垃圾的重量数据如下：塑料瓶 2.5 千克，废纸 3.8 千克，金属罐 1.2 千克，玻璃瓶 4.1 千克。请问这些可回收垃圾的总重量是多少千克？","answer":"B","explanation":"本题考查的是有理数的加法运算，属于数据的收集与整理范畴。题目给出了四种可回收垃圾的重量：塑料瓶 2.5 千克，废纸 3.8 千克，金属罐 1.2 千克，玻璃瓶 4.1 千克。要求总重量，只需将这些小数相加：2.5 + 3.8 = 6.3；6.3 + 1.2 = 7.5；7.5 + 4.1 = 11.6。因此，总重量为 11.6 千克，正确答案是 B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:21:34","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"10.6 千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"11.6 千克","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"12.6 千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"13.6 千克","is_correct":0}]},{"id":213,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生计算一个数的相反数时，将原数 5 写成了 -5，那么他得到的结果与原数的正确相反数相比，相差____。","answer":"10","explanation":"原数是 5，它的正确相反数是 -5。某学生误将原数当作 -5，计算其相反数得到 -(-5) = 5。正确结果是 -5，而学生得到的是 5，两者相差 5 - (-5) = 10。因此答案是 10。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:40:00","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]