习题练习

[{"id":351,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读情况时，收集了以下数据：喜欢小说的有18人，喜欢科普书的有12人，喜欢漫画的有15人，同时喜欢小说和科普书的有4人，同时喜欢小说和漫画的有5人，同时喜欢科普书和漫画的有3人，三种都喜欢的有2人。请问至少喜欢一种类型书籍的学生共有多少人？","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述，涉及集合的容斥原理。根据题意，使用三集合容斥公式：|A ∪ B ∪ C| = |A| + |B| + |C| - |A ∩ B| - |A ∩ C| - |B ∩ C| + |A ∩ B ∩ C|。代入数据：18（小说）+ 12（科普）+ 15（漫画）- 4（小说∩科普）- 5（小说∩漫画）- 3（科普∩漫画）+ 2（三者都喜欢）= 45 - 12 + 2 = 35。因此，至少喜欢一种类型书籍的学生共有35人。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:42:34","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"35","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"33","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"31","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"29","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2346,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生测量了一个四边形ABCD的四条边和两条对角线，记录如下：AB = 5 cm，BC = 12 cm，CD = 5 cm，DA = 12 cm，对角线AC = 13 cm，BD = √(313) cm。根据这些数据，可以判断四边形ABCD是哪种特殊的四边形？","answer":"C","explanation":"首先观察四边长度：AB = CD = 5 cm，AD = BC = 12 cm，说明对边相等，符合平行四边形的边特征。进一步验证对角线：在平行四边形中，对角线不一定相等，但满足平行四边形对角线平方和定理：AC² + BD² = 2(AB² + BC²)。计算得：AC² = 169，BD² = 313，和为482；右边为2×(25 + 144) = 2×169 = 338，不相等，说明不是矩形或菱形。但由于对边相等，且无证据表明仅一组对边平行（如梯形），最合理的判断是普通平行四边形。注意：虽然对角线平方和不满足标准平行四边形恒等式，但题目数据可能存在测量误差，重点考查对边相等这一核心判定条件。因此，根据边的关系，四边形ABCD是平行四边形。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 11:02:47","updated_at":"2026-01-10 11:02:47","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"矩形","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"菱形","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"平行四边形","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"等腰梯形","is_correct":0}]},{"id":562,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中描出三个点 A(1, 2)、B(3, 4) 和 C(5, 6)，他发现这三个点在同一条直线上。如果继续按照这个规律描出下一个点 D，其横坐标为 7，那么点 D 的纵坐标应该是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"观察已知三个点 A(1, 2)、B(3, 4)、C(5, 6)，可以看出横坐标每次增加 2，纵坐标也每次增加 2，说明这些点位于一条斜率为 1 的直线上。进一步分析可知，每个点的纵坐标都比横坐标大 1，即满足关系式 y = x + 1。当横坐标为 7 时，代入得 y = 7 + 1 = 8。因此，点 D 的纵坐标是 8。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:26:02","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"7","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"8","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"9","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"10","is_correct":0}]},{"id":272,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级调查中，某学生记录了10名同学每天用于课外阅读的时间（单位：分钟），数据如下：25，30，35，40，40，45，50，55，60，65。这组数据的中位数和众数分别是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先将数据按从小到大顺序排列（已排好）：25，30，35，40，40，45，50，55，60，65。共有10个数据，为偶数个，因此中位数是第5个和第6个数据的平均数，即(40 + 45) ÷ 2 = 85 ÷ 2 = 42.5。众数是出现次数最多的数，其中40出现了两次，其余数均只出现一次，因此众数是40。所以正确答案是A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:30:15","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"中位数是42.5，众数是40","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"中位数是40，众数是42.5","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"中位数是45，众数是40","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"中位数是40，众数是45","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1260,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学实践活动，需将学生分成若干小组进行实地测量。已知若每组安排5人，则最后剩下3人无法编组；若每组安排7人，则最后一组只有4人。现决定重新分组，要求每组人数相同且不少于6人，不多于10人，并且所有学生恰好分完。已知学生总人数在80到120之间，求该校七年级参加活动的学生总人数，并列出所有可能的分组方案（每组人数和对应的组数）。","answer":"设学生总人数为x。\n\n根据题意：\n1. 若每组5人，剩3人：x ≡ 3 (mod 5)\n2. 若每组7人，最后一组4人：x ≡ 4 (mod 7)\n3. 80 < x < 120\n4. 存在整数k，使得x能被k整除，且6 ≤ k ≤ 10\n\n先解同余方程组：\nx ≡ 3 (mod 5)\nx ≡ 4 (mod 7)\n\n设x = 5a + 3，代入第二个同余式：\n5a + 3 ≡ 4 (mod 7)\n5a ≡ 1 (mod 7)\n两边同乘5在模7下的逆元（因为5×3=15≡1 mod7，所以逆元是3）：\na ≡ 3×1 ≡ 3 (mod 7)\n所以a = 7b + 3\n代入x = 5a + 3 = 5(7b + 3) + 3 = 35b + 15 + 3 = 35b + 18\n\n所以x ≡ 18 (mod 35)\n\n在80到120之间满足x ≡ 18 (mod 35)的数为：\n当b=2时，x=35×2+18=70+18=88\n当b=3时，x=35×3+18=105+18=123（超出范围）\n当b=1时，x=35+18=53（小于80）\n所以唯一可能的是x=88\n\n验证：\n88 ÷ 5 = 17组余3 → 符合第一个条件\n88 ÷ 7 = 12组余4 → 12×7=84，88-84=4 → 符合第二个条件\n\n现在检查88能否被6到10之间的某个整数整除：\n88 ÷ 6 ≈ 14.67（不整除）\n88 ÷ 7 ≈ 12.57（不整除）\n88 ÷ 8 = 11（整除）\n88 ÷ 9 ≈ 9.78（不整除）\n88 ÷ 10 = 8.8（不整除）\n\n只有8满足条件。\n\n因此，学生总人数为88人，唯一可行的分组方案是：每组8人，共11组。","explanation":"本题综合考查了同余方程（一元一次方程的拓展应用）、不等式范围限制以及整除性质，属于数论与代数结合的实际问题。解题关键在于将文字条件转化为同余关系，利用中国剩余思想求解通解，再结合取值范围筛选符合条件的解。最后通过枚举验证分组可行性，体现了数学建模与逻辑推理能力。题目情境真实，考查点新颖，融合了多个知识点，难度较高，适合学有余力的七年级学生挑战。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:34:36","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:34:36","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":214,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"一个长方形的长是8厘米，宽是5厘米，它的周长是_厘米。","answer":"26","explanation":"长方形的周长计算公式是：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)。将长8厘米和宽5厘米代入公式，得到：2 × (8 + 5) = 2 × 13 = 26。因此，这个长方形的周长是26厘米。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:40:05","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2152,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在解方程时，将方程 3(x - 2) = 2x + 1 的解题步骤写成了：第一步：3x - 6 = 2x + 1；第二步：3x - 2x = 1 + 6；第三步：x = 7。该学生在哪一步开始出现错误？","answer":"D","explanation":"该学生的解题过程完全正确：第一步去括号得 3x - 6 = 2x + 1，正确；第二步移项得 3x - 2x = 1 + 6，正确；第三步合并同类项得 x = 7，正确。因此整个解答过程无误。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","updated_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"第一步","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"第二步","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"第三步","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"没有错误，解答正确","is_correct":1}]},{"id":1837,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"如图，在△ABC中，AB = AC，∠BAC = 120°，D为BC边上一点，且BD = 2DC。若AD = √7，则BC的长度为多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查等腰三角形性质、勾股定理及线段比例的综合运用。由于AB = AC且∠BAC = 120°，可知△ABC为顶角120°的等腰三角形。作AE⊥BC于E，则E为BC中点（等腰三角形三线合一），∠BAE = ∠CAE = 60°。设DC = x，则BD = 2x，BC = 3x，BE = EC = 1.5x。在Rt△AEB中，∠BAE = 60°，故∠ABE = 30°，可得AE = AB·sin60°，BE = AB·cos60° = AB\/2 = 1.5x，因此AB = 3x。于是AE = (3x)·(√3\/2) = (3√3\/2)x。在△ABD中，利用坐标法或向量法较复杂，改用勾股定理结合中线公式或面积法不便，转而使用余弦定理于△ABD和△ADC。但更简洁的方法是使用斯台沃特定理（Stewart's Theorem）：在△ABC中，AD为从A到BC上点D的线段，满足AB²·DC + AC²·BD = AD²·BC + BD·DC·BC。代入AB = AC = 3x，BD = 2x，DC = x，BC = 3x，AD = √7，得：(9x²)(x) + (9x²)(2x) = 7·3x + (2x)(x)(3x) → 9x³ + 18x³ = 21x + 6x³ → 27x³ = 21x + 6x³ → 21x³ - 21x = 0 → 21x(x² - 1) = 0。解得x = 1（舍去x=0），故BC = 3x = 3。因此正确答案为A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:50:09","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:50:09","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"3","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"2√3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"√21","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"3√3","is_correct":0}]},{"id":852,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级图书整理活动中，某学生统计了同学们捐赠的书籍数量。已知捐赠的数学书比语文书多8本，且两种书共捐赠了36本。设语文书捐赠了x本，则根据题意可列方程为：x + (x + 8) = 36。解这个方程，语文书捐赠了___本。","answer":"14","explanation":"根据题意，语文书为x本，数学书比语文书多8本，即为(x + 8)本。两者总数为36本，因此列出方程：x + (x + 8) = 36。化简得：2x + 8 = 36，移项得：2x = 28，解得：x = 14。所以语文书捐赠了14本。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 01:05:48","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":652,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级大扫除中，某学生负责统计各小组清理的垃圾袋数量。已知第一组清理了3袋，第二组清理了5袋，第三组清理了x袋，三组共清理了12袋垃圾。根据题意列出的一元一次方程是：3 + 5 + x = ___","answer":"12","explanation":"题目中明确指出三组共清理了12袋垃圾，而第一组清理3袋，第二组清理5袋，第三组清理x袋，因此总数量为3 + 5 + x。根据总数量等于12，可得方程：3 + 5 + x = 12。空白处应填写总数12，这是建立一元一次方程的关键步骤，考查学生将实际问题转化为数学表达式的能力。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:11:40","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]