习题练习

[{"id":798,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级大扫除中，某学生负责统计同学们带来的清洁工具数量。共收集了12件工具，其中扫帚和拖把的总数是抹布数量的2倍，而抹布比扫帚多1件。设扫帚有x件，拖把有y件，抹布有z件，则可列出二元一次方程组：x + y + z = 12，x + y = 2z，z = x + 1。由这三个方程可得，扫帚有___件。","answer":"3","explanation":"根据题意，已知三个方程：(1) x + y + z = 12（总工具数），(2) x + y = 2z（扫帚和拖把是抹布的2倍），(3) z = x + 1（抹布比扫帚多1件）。将(3)代入(2)得：x + y = 2(x + 1)，化简得 x + y = 2x + 2，即 y = x + 2。再将z = x + 1和y = x + 2代入(1)：x + (x + 2) + (x + 1) = 12，合并同类项得 3x + 3 = 12，解得 3x = 9，x = 3。因此，扫帚有3件。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 00:15:14","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":423,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次环保知识竞赛中，某班级收集了学生家庭一周内节约用水的数据（单位：升），整理后发现：有3个家庭节约了15升，5个家庭节约了20升，2个家庭节约了25升。请问该班级学生家庭平均每周节约用水多少升？","answer":"B","explanation":"要计算平均节约用水量，需先求总节水量，再除以家庭总数。总节水量 = 3×15 + 5×20 + 2×25 = 45 + 100 + 50 = 195（升）。家庭总数 = 3 + 5 + 2 = 10（个）。平均节水量 = 195 ÷ 10 = 19（升）。因此，正确答案是B。本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算，属于简单难度的基础应用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:32:50","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"18升","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"19升","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"20升","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"21升","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2245,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究温度变化时，记录了连续7天的每日最低气温（单位：℃），这些数据分别为：-3，2，-5，0，-1，4，-2。该学生想计算这7天中，气温低于零度的天数占总天数的几分之几，并进一步求出这些负温度的绝对值的平均数。请完成以下两个任务：(1) 求出气温低于零度的天数占总天数的几分之几（结果用最简分数表示）；(2) 求出所有负温度的绝对值的平均数（结果保留一位小数）。","answer":"(1) 4\/7；(2) 2.8","explanation":"本题综合考查了正数、负数的识别，绝对值的概念，以及分数和平均数的计算。七年级学生已掌握负数的意义、绝对值的求法以及基本统计量的计算。题目通过真实情境（气温记录）引导学生分析数据，区分正负数，并进行多步运算，体现了数学在实际生活中的应用，难度较高，符合困难级别要求。","solution_steps":"第一步：确定气温低于零度的天数。观察数据：-3，2，-5，0，-1，4，-2。其中小于0的数有：-3，-5，-1，-2，共4天。总天数为7天，因此所求分数为4\/7，已是最简分数。第二步：找出所有负温度：-3，-5，-1，-2。求它们的绝对值：| -3 | = 3，| -5 | = 5，| -1 | = 1，| -2 | = 2。第三步：计算这些绝对值的和：3 + 5 + 1 + 2 = 11。第四步：求平均数：11 ÷ 4 = 2.75，保留一位小数为2.8。","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 14:44:04","updated_at":"2026-01-09 14:44:04","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2429,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在一张方格纸上画了一个四边形ABCD，其顶点坐标分别为A(0, 0)、B(4, 0)、C(5, 2)、D(1, 2)。该学生声称这个四边形是平行四边形，并尝试通过计算对边长度和斜率来验证。若只根据坐标信息判断，以下哪个结论最能支持该四边形是平行四边形？","answer":"D","explanation":"判断一个四边形是否为平行四边形，有多种方法。在坐标系中，最直接且可靠的方法之一是验证对角线是否互相平分，即两条对角线的中点是否重合。计算对角线AC的中点：A(0,0)、C(5,2)，中点为((0+5)\/2, (0+2)\/2) = (2.5, 1)；对角线BD的中点：B(4,0)、D(1,2)，中点为((4+1)\/2, (0+2)\/2) = (2.5, 1)。两者中点相同，说明对角线互相平分，因此四边形ABCD是平行四边形。选项D正确。其他选项虽部分正确（如A、B、C中提到的边长或斜率关系），但单独使用可能存在反例（如等腰梯形满足某些边等长或斜率相同但不是平行四边形），而中点重合是平行四边形的充要条件之一，更具说服力。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 12:52:54","updated_at":"2026-01-10 12:52:54","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"AB与CD的长度相等，且AD与BC的斜率相同","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"AB与CD的斜率相同，且AD与BC的长度相等","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"AB与CD的斜率相同，且AD与BC的斜率也相同","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"对角线AC和BD的中点坐标相同","is_correct":1}]},{"id":695,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，参赛学生需要统计一周内班级回收的废纸重量（单位：千克）。已知周一到周五每天的回收量分别为 2.5、3、2.8、3.2 和 2.7，周六和周日没有回收。若该班级计划将这一周平均每天的回收量作为下周目标，则下周每天的目标回收量是___千克。","answer":"2.84","explanation":"首先计算一周内总回收量：2.5 + 3 + 2.8 + 3.2 + 2.7 = 14.2 千克。虽然周六和周日没有回收，但‘平均每天’是指一周7天，因此用总回收量除以7天：14.2 ÷ 7 = 2.84 千克。此题考查数据的收集与整理中的平均数计算，属于简单难度，符合七年级‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:38:42","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":597,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级数学测验成绩统计中，某学生发现自己的分数被误记为比实际低了8分。更正后，全班的平均分由72分提高到72.4分。请问这个班级共有多少名学生？","answer":"B","explanation":"设班级共有x名学生。更正前总分为72x分，更正后该学生分数增加了8分，因此总分变为72x + 8分。更正后的平均分为72.4分，所以有方程：(72x + 8) \/ x = 72.4。两边同乘x得：72x + 8 = 72.4x。移项得：8 = 0.4x，解得x = 20。因此，班级共有20名学生。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 20:59:15","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"15","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"20","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"25","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"30","is_correct":0}]},{"id":471,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次环保知识竞赛中，某班级共收集了120份有效问卷。统计结果显示，喜欢垃圾分类宣传活动的学生人数是喜欢节水宣传活动的2倍，而喜欢节水宣传活动的学生比喜欢低碳出行宣传活动的多10人。设喜欢低碳出行宣传活动的学生有x人，则根据题意可列出一元一次方程为：","answer":"A","explanation":"设喜欢低碳出行宣传活动的学生有x人。根据题意，喜欢节水宣传活动的学生比喜欢低碳出行的多10人，因此为(x + 10)人；喜欢垃圾分类宣传活动的学生是喜欢节水宣传的2倍，即为2(x + 10)人。三类人数之和等于总有效问卷数120，因此方程为：x + (x + 10) + 2(x + 10) = 120。选项A正确列出了该方程。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:54:03","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"x + (x + 10) + 2(x + 10) = 120","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"x + (x - 10) + 2x = 120","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"x + 2x + (x + 10) = 120","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"x + (x + 10) + 2x = 120","is_correct":0}]},{"id":371,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，共20道题，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分。一名学生最终得分为65分，请问他答对了多少道题？","answer":"A","explanation":"设这名学生答对了x道题，则答错或不答的题数为(20 - x)道。根据题意，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分，总得分为65分，可列出一元一次方程：5x - 2(20 - x) = 65。展开并化简：5x - 40 + 2x = 65，合并同类项得7x - 40 = 65，移项得7x = 105，解得x = 15。因此，该学生答对了15道题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:49:17","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"15","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"14","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"13","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"12","is_correct":0}]},{"id":562,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中描出三个点 A(1, 2)、B(3, 4) 和 C(5, 6)，他发现这三个点在同一条直线上。如果继续按照这个规律描出下一个点 D，其横坐标为 7，那么点 D 的纵坐标应该是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"观察已知三个点 A(1, 2)、B(3, 4)、C(5, 6)，可以看出横坐标每次增加 2，纵坐标也每次增加 2，说明这些点位于一条斜率为 1 的直线上。进一步分析可知，每个点的纵坐标都比横坐标大 1，即满足关系式 y = x + 1。当横坐标为 7 时，代入得 y = 7 + 1 = 8。因此，点 D 的纵坐标是 8。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:26:02","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"7","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"8","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"9","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"10","is_correct":0}]},{"id":322,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学最喜欢的课外活动调查数据时，制作了如下频数分布表。已知喜欢阅读的人数是喜欢绘画人数的2倍，且总人数为30人。如果喜欢绘画的有x人，那么根据题意列出的方程是：","answer":"A","explanation":"题目中说明喜欢绘画的有x人，喜欢阅读的人数是绘画的2倍，即2x人。总人数为30人，且只涉及这两类活动（隐含在简单题设中），因此可列出方程：x + 2x = 30。选项A正确。选项B错误地将倍数关系理解为加2；选项C表示的是人数差，不符合总人数条件；选项D凭空多出一个常数5，题干未提及，属于干扰项。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:38:09","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"x + 2x = 30","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"x + 2 = 30","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"2x - x = 30","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"x + 2x + 5 = 30","is_correct":0}]}]