习题练习

[{"id":1997,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生测量了一个等腰三角形的底边长为8 cm，腰长为5 cm，并计算其面积。以下哪个选项正确表示了该三角形的面积？","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查等腰三角形与勾股定理的综合应用。已知等腰三角形底边为8 cm，两腰各为5 cm。作底边上的高，将底边平分为两段，每段4 cm。根据勾股定理，高h满足：h² + 4² = 5²，即h² = 25 - 16 = 9，因此h = 3 cm。三角形面积为(底×高)\/2 = (8×3)\/2 = 12 cm²。故正确答案为A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 10:25:26","updated_at":"2026-01-09 10:25:26","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"12 cm²","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"15 cm²","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"18 cm²","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"20 cm²","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1201,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加环保知识竞赛，参赛学生需完成三项任务：知识问答、垃圾分类实践和环保方案设计。竞赛评分规则如下：知识问答每题答对得5分，答错或不答得0分；垃圾分类实践按正确率给分，正确率不低于80%得30分，低于80%但高于50%得15分，50%及以下得0分；环保方案设计由评委打分，满分为40分，取整数分。已知一名学生知识问答答对了x题，垃圾分类正确率为75%，环保方案设计得分为y分，三项总分为98分。若该学生在知识问答中最多答了25题，且环保方案设计得分不低于20分，求该学生知识问答可能答对的题数x的所有取值，并说明理由。","answer":"根据题意，分析如下：\n\n1. 垃圾分类正确率为75%，满足“低于80%但高于50%”，因此该项得分为15分。\n\n2. 知识问答每题5分，答对x题，得分为5x分。\n\n3. 环保方案设计得分为y分，且y为整数，20 ≤ y ≤ 40。\n\n4. 总分为98分，因此有方程：\n 5x + 15 + y = 98\n 化简得：5x + y = 83\n\n5. 由5x + y = 83，可得 y = 83 - 5x\n\n6. 由于y ≥ 20，代入得：\n 83 - 5x ≥ 20\n → 5x ≤ 63\n → x ≤ 12.6\n 因为x为整数，所以x ≤ 12\n\n7. 又因为y ≤ 40，代入得：\n 83 - 5x ≤ 40\n → 5x ≥ 43\n → x ≥ 8.6\n 所以x ≥ 9\n\n8. 综上，x为整数，且9 ≤ x ≤ 12\n\n9. 验证每个x对应的y值是否为整数且在20到40之间：\n - 当x = 9时，y = 83 - 5×9 = 83 - 45 = 38，符合条件\n - 当x = 10时，y = 83 - 50 = 33，符合条件\n - 当x = 11时，y = 83 - 55 = 28，符合条件\n - 当x = 12时，y = 83 - 60 = 23，符合条件\n\n10. 检查知识问答最多答25题：x ≤ 25，上述x值均满足。\n\n因此，该学生知识问答可能答对的题数x的所有取值为：9、10、11、12。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次方程、不等式组的应用以及实际问题的数学建模能力。解题关键在于：\n\n- 正确理解评分规则，将文字信息转化为数学表达式；\n- 建立总分方程5x + y = 83；\n- 利用环保方案设计得分范围（20 ≤ y ≤ 40）构造关于x的不等式组；\n- 解不等式组并结合x为整数的条件，确定x的可能取值；\n- 最后验证每个x对应的y是否合理，确保答案完整准确。\n\n本题难度较高，体现在需要将多个条件整合分析，并进行逻辑推理和分类讨论，符合七年级学生在学习方程与不等式后的综合应用能力要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:18:33","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:18:33","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":284,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"8","answer":"答案待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:31:38","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1375,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级学生开展了一次关于‘每日体育锻炼时间’的调查，随机抽取了部分学生，将他们的锻炼时间（单位：分钟）记录如下：35, 40, 45, 50, 50, 55, 60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90。已知这些数据的平均数为62分钟，中位数为60分钟。现在，学校计划调整体育课程安排，要求每位学生每日锻炼时间不少于60分钟。若从这组数据中随机抽取一名学生，其锻炼时间满足学校新要求的概率是多少？若学校希望至少有80%的学生达到这一标准，至少需要再增加多少名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生（假设新增学生人数最少，且原数据不变）？请通过计算说明。","answer":"第一步：整理原始数据并统计满足条件的人数。\n原始数据共15个：35, 40, 45, 50, 50, 55, 60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90。\n其中锻炼时间不少于60分钟的数据有：60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90，共9人。\n因此，当前满足条件的概率为：9 ÷ 15 = 0.6，即60%。\n\n第二步：设需要再增加x名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生。\n增加后总人数为：15 + x\n满足条件的人数为：9 + x\n要求满足条件的学生占比至少为80%，即：\n(9 + x) \/ (15 + x) ≥ 0.8\n解这个不等式：\n9 + x ≥ 0.8(15 + x)\n9 + x ≥ 12 + 0.8x\nx - 0.8x ≥ 12 - 9\n0.2x ≥ 3\nx ≥ 15\n因为x为整数，所以x的最小值为15。\n\n答：随机抽取一名学生，其锻炼时间满足新要求的概率是60%；若要使至少80%的学生达标，至少需要再增加15名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生。","explanation":"本题综合考查了数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数、中位数、频数统计以及概率计算，同时结合不等式与不等式组的知识解决实际问题。解题关键在于准确统计原始数据中满足条件的人数，建立关于新增人数的代数模型，并通过解不等式确定最小整数解。题目情境贴近学生生活，强调数据分析与决策能力，符合七年级数学课程标准中对统计与概率、不等式应用的综合性要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:14:33","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:14:33","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1865,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市地铁1号线在平面直角坐标系中沿直线铺设，已知A站坐标为(-3, 2)，B站坐标为(5, -6)。现计划在AB之间增设一个临时站点C，使得从A到C的距离与从C到B的距离之比为2:3。同时，为方便乘客换乘，需在C点正东方向4个单位处设置一个公交接驳点D。若一名学生从A站出发，先乘地铁到C站，再步行到D点，求该学生行走的总路程（精确到0.1）。","answer":"1. 设C点坐标为(x, y)。由于C在AB线段上，且AC:CB = 2:3，使用定比分点公式：\n x = (3×(-3) + 2×5)\/(2+3) = (-9 + 10)\/5 = 1\/5 = 0.2\n y = (3×2 + 2×(-6))\/5 = (6 - 12)\/5 = -6\/5 = -1.2\n 所以C点坐标为(0.2, -1.2)\n\n2. D点在C点正东方向4个单位，即横坐标加4，纵坐标不变：\n D点坐标为(0.2 + 4, -1.2) = (4.2, -1.2)\n\n3. 计算AC距离：\n AC = √[(0.2 - (-3))² + (-1.2 - 2)²] = √[(3.2)² + (-3.2)²] = √[10.24 + 10.24] = √20.48 ≈ 4.5\n\n4. 计算CD距离：\n CD = 4（正东方向水平距离）\n\n5. 总路程 = AC + CD ≈ 4.5 + 4 = 8.5\n\n答：该学生行走的总路程约为8.5个单位长度。","explanation":"本题综合考查平面直角坐标系中的定比分点、两点间距离公式及坐标变换。关键步骤是运用定比分点公式确定C点坐标，再根据方向确定D点坐标，最后分段计算距离并求和。难点在于比例关系的坐标化处理和精确计算带小数的平方根。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:17","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:17","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1226,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究一个由多个正方形拼接而成的图形时，发现该图形的周长与所用正方形的个数之间存在某种规律。已知每个正方形的边长为1个单位长度。当使用n个正方形拼接时（要求拼接时正方形之间至少有一条边完全重合，且整体形成一个连通图形），该学生记录了前几组数据如下：\n\n| 正方形个数 n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |\n|---------------|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 最小可能周长 P | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |\n\n该学生猜想：当n ≥ 1时，最小可能周长P与n满足关系式 P = 2n + 2。\n\n(1) 验证当n = 6时，该猜想是否成立，并说明理由；\n(2) 若该学生用100个这样的正方形拼接成一个尽可能紧凑的矩形（即长和宽最接近），求此时图形的实际周长，并判断是否满足上述猜想；\n(3) 若要求拼接后的图形必须是一个完整的矩形（不允许有空洞或凸起），试建立周长P与正方形个数n之间的函数关系，并求当n = 2025时，所有可能矩形中周长的最小值。","answer":"(1) 当n = 6时，若要使周长最小，应尽可能让正方形紧密排列，减少外露边数。将6个正方形排成2行3列的矩形，其长为3，宽为2，周长为 2×(3+2) = 10。而根据猜想 P = 2×6 + 2 = 14，显然10 < 14，因此猜想不成立。\n\n(2) 用100个正方形拼成尽可能紧凑的矩形，即找两个最接近的因数a和b，使得a×b = 100。最接近的是10×10，即正方形。此时周长为 2×(10+10) = 40。而根据原猜想 P = 2×100 + 2 = 202，远大于40，因此不满足该猜想。\n\n(3) 若图形必须是完整矩形，设长为a，宽为b，且a、b为正整数，a ≤ b，a×b = n。则周长 P = 2(a + b)。要使P最小，应使a和b尽可能接近，即a取不超过√n的最大因数。\n当n = 2025时，√2025 = 45，且45×45 = 2025，因此可拼成边长为45的正方形，此时周长最小为 2×(45+45) = 180。\n故当n = 2025时，所有可能矩形中周长的最小值为180。","explanation":"本题综合考查了几何图形初步、整式的加减、不等式与不等式组以及数据的收集、整理与描述等知识点。第(1)问通过构造具体图形验证猜想，体现数学建模与反例思想；第(2)问引入最优化思想，结合因数分解求最小周长，考查实际问题转化为数学问题的能力；第(3)问建立函数关系并求极值，涉及因数配对与不等式比较，要求学生理解周长与长宽关系，并能通过分析√n附近的因数确定最优解。题目情境新颖，打破传统计算模式，强调逻辑推理与实际应用，符合困难难度要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:25:47","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:25:47","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":222,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"一个长方形的长是 8 厘米，宽是 5 厘米，它的周长是______厘米。","answer":"26","explanation":"长方形的周长计算公式是：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)。将长 8 厘米和宽 5 厘米代入公式，得到：2 × (8 + 5) = 2 × 13 = 26 厘米。因此，这个长方形的周长是 26 厘米。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:40:30","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1009,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间时，将一周内每天阅读超过30分钟的人数记录如下：周一5人，周二7人，周三6人，周四8人，周五4人，周六9人，周日10人。若该学生想计算这周平均每天有多少人阅读超过30分钟，则计算结果为___人。","answer":"7","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算。首先将每天的人数相加：5 + 7 + 6 + 8 + 4 + 9 + 10 = 49，共有7天，因此平均每天人数为49 ÷ 7 = 7（人）。计算过程简单，符合七年级学生对平均数概念的理解和应用能力。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 05:14:13","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1368,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市地铁线路规划中，需确定两个站点A和B之间的最短运行时间。已知列车在平直轨道上的平均速度为每小时60千米，但在弯道处需减速至每小时40千米。线路设计图显示，从A站到B站的总轨道长度为12千米，其中包含一段弯道。若列车全程运行时间不超过15分钟，且弯道长度至少为2千米，试求弯道长度的可能取值范围。假设列车在直道和弯道上均以恒定速度行驶，且不考虑停站和加减速时间。","answer":"解：\n设弯道长度为x千米，则直道长度为(12 - x)千米。\n根据题意，弯道长度至少为2千米，即：\nx ≥ 2。\n列车在弯道上的速度为40千米\/小时，行驶时间为：\n弯道时间 = x \/ 40 小时。\n列车在直道上的速度为60千米\/小时，行驶时间为：\n直道时间 = (12 - x) \/ 60 小时。\n总运行时间为两者之和，且不超过15分钟，即15\/60 = 0.25小时。\n因此，建立不等式：\nx \/ 40 + (12 - x) \/ 60 ≤ 0.25。\n为消去分母，两边同乘以120（40和60的最小公倍数）：\n120 × (x \/ 40) + 120 × ((12 - x) \/ 60) ≤ 120 × 0.25\n3x + 2(12 - x) ≤ 30\n3x + 24 - 2x ≤ 30\nx + 24 ≤ 30\nx ≤ 6\n结合弯道长度至少为2千米的条件，得：\n2 ≤ x ≤ 6\n因此，弯道长度的可能取值范围是大于等于2千米且小于等于6千米。\n答：弯道长度的取值范围是2千米到6千米（含端点）。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次不等式的建立与求解，以及实际问题的数学建模能力。首先根据题意设定未知数x表示弯道长度，利用速度、时间与路程的关系分别表示直道和弯道的行驶时间，再根据总时间不超过15分钟（即0.25小时）建立不等式。通过通分消去分母，化简不等式得到x ≤ 6，再结合题设中弯道长度至少为2千米的条件，最终确定x的取值范围为2 ≤ x ≤ 6。解题过程中需注意单位统一（时间换算为小时），并合理运用不等式的性质进行变形。本题背景新颖，贴近现实，考查学生将实际问题转化为数学表达式的能力，属于困难难度的综合性应用题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:11:20","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:11:20","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":925,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级数学测验成绩统计中，某学生将原始数据整理后绘制成频数分布直方图，发现成绩在80分到89分之间的人数占总人数的25%。如果全班共有40名学生，那么成绩在80分到89分之间的学生有___人。","answer":"10","explanation":"题目考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的百分比计算。已知总人数为40人，80分到89分的学生占25%，即求40的25%是多少。计算过程为：40 × 25% = 40 × 0.25 = 10。因此，该分数段的学生人数为10人。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 02:48:35","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]